The law of occupation also is unique to international armed conflicts. However, there were instances where iraq used military power to threaten kuwait over border disputes. United nationsalliance of countries to promote world peace 28 countries led by us forced iraq out of kuwait in a 6week war. These few paragraphs are the barest of bones on the topic, enough to make the. This invasion and iraq s subsequent refusal to withdraw from kuwait by a deadline mandated by the united nations led to military intervention by a united nationsauthorized coalition of forces led by.
We should not erect unreasonable criteria or expectations here. The kuwaiti oil fires were caused by iraqi military forces setting fire to a reported 605 to 732 oil wells along with an unspecified number of oil filled lowlying areas, such as oil lakes and fire trenches, as part of a scorched earth policy while retreating from kuwait in 1991 due to the advances of coalition military forces in the persian. According to the cia, twothirds of all chemical weapons ever used by iraq during its war with iran were fired or dropped in the last 18 months of the war. Pdf iraqi invasion of kuwait as turning point in iransaudi. From rapid deployment to massive deployment joe stork and martha wenger american hubris theodore draper iraq vs.
Refugees from war in iraq migration policy institute. The reasons for iraqs invasion of kuwait on 2 august 1990 can be explained by. Kuwait is concerned that it would be anathematized by the rest of the muslim world. Almost all them left iraq and kuwait before the war started or after desert storm was over. Subsequently it threatened to use these hostages as human shields. Bush called on the iraqi people to overthrow saddam. This war, rather than being an example to emulate, is one that exists only in our worstcase scenarios and one that few would accept as a possibility for the united states atmy honed during the 1980s and showcased in the dese11s of iraq in 1991. Iraq must take the lead in these efforts and shape its own destiny. The fight for mosul is sure to be long and difficult as it unfolds over the coming months. Kuwait iraq saudi arabia samawah annasiriyah nisab safwan basra kuwait city hafaralbatin 52 12 adn ha neb ta 26 45 alf jalibah aljaber assalman tallil sf me 10 republic guard divisions. Such was the case in iraq s 1990 invasion of kuwait and the subsequent gulf war of 1991. During the war iraqs oil production had fallen dramatically, and to meet the shortage production. The first subsection, trouble in the south, looks at various waterrelated issues in southern iraq such as intertribal fighting, provincial disputes, and popular protests.
Cia files prove america helped saddam as he gassed. The gulf war 19901991 and the study of international relations core. There was a short respite before the onset of the iraqkuwait war 19901991. Central and southern border areas cia 1980 400k gday, sunday, february 24, 1991 opening situation 86k from. Order code rs215 updated november 5, 2004 crs report. In the realist critics telling, the iraq war was part of a more general postcold war liberal expansionism that led the united states to militar. For al qaeda and other sunni islamic extremist enemies in iraq, equally important events in that same period occurred in ramadi, the capital city of anbar province. Based on this reality it is important to qualify the situation in iraq as it has developed throughout the last almost two years. Less than two years later, iraq seized kuwait, partly out of the need to recover. Order code rs215 updated november 5, 2004 crs report for. Stillman ii in order to understand how the united states decided to go to war with iraq, it is necessary to go back to the gulf war of 1991. The war went badly and consumed much treasure and blood on both sides, each resorting to chemical weapons to avert military collapse. Of the five companies providing fuel to the desc for use in iraq, one iotc is based in the united states, one kuwait petroleum corp. The files record 66,081 civilian deaths out of 109,000 recorded deaths.
The interarab system and the gulf war the carter center. Iraq is still the scene of major attacks on ongoing violence. Bergquist pdf with commentary at air university press filed under. Pdf invasion of kuwait by iraqi army had significant impacts on regional and international spheres. The first gulf war of 198088 between iraq and iran, a sobering reminder of. The iraniraq war 198088 killed and wounded approximately one million people on both sides. The 1991 gulf war produced nearly three million refugees. It is in examining the context of iraqi decisionmaking in the gulf war that this case. That has happened with the war in the gulf, a sobering and analytical retrospective that cuts through conventional cliches. Iraq invades kuwait interesting facts there have been 11 video games made based on the persian gulf war. War in the middle east the ongoing war against the palestinian people appeal to support the palestinian hunger strikers letter from palestine the gulf war one year later. Kuwait and iraq agreed to re establishing diplomatic relations when iraqs. Iraq has 36 miles 58 km of coastline along the northern end of the arabpersian gulf, giving it a tiny sliver of territorial sea. Some of these companies, such as kuwait petroleum corp.
Kuwait political 1991 229k and pdf format 254k kuwait shaded relief 1996 234k and pdf format 251k kuwait small map 2008 12k al basrah region iraq including northern kuwait original scale 1. Gulf war of 19901991 between iraq and a us led international. It is seen from that table that most of this production comes from basra province, followed by kirkuk province. Iraqi civil war, so renewed chaos and strife in iraq could once again threaten other important oil producers like kuwait, iran and even saudi arabia. Com for americans, the war s most important events from august to december 2006 occurred in baghdad. The largest groups were kurds and shiites fleeing saddam husseins vengeance after a failed post war uprising, palestinians driven out of kuwait, and foreign workers who lost their. The iraq war documents leak is the disclosure to wikileaks of 391,832 united states army field reports, also called the iraq war logs, of the iraq war from 2004 to 2009 and published on the internet on 22 october 2010. Kuwait s defense forces were rapidly overwhelmed, and those that were not destroyed. Why repealing the 1991 and 2002 iraq war authorizations is. Stillman ii in order to understand how the united states decided to go to war with iraq, it is necessary to go back to the gulf. The isis crisis and the broken politics of the middle east. During the war iraq s oil production had fallen dramatically, and to meet the shortage production.
Dick cheney was the secretary of defense during the 1990 persian gulf war and the vice president during the 2003 iraq war. The iraq war and the media, a diary of claims and counterclaims c2003, by anthony lowstedt pdf with commentary at ipi. Khadduri, majid and edmund ghareeb 1997 war in the gulf, 1990 1991. Iraq iran kuwait al wafra oil field al burqan oil field persian gulf 3 regular divisions saudi border by end of 3 aug. Recent trends in the iraq war center for strategic and.
The war in iraq may be winding down but it is scarcely over. This paper chose to analyse the issue by the employment of the just war theory. This invasion and iraq s subsequent refusal to withdraw from kuwait by a deadline mandated by the united nations 16 led to military intervention by a. Aug 26, 20 according to the cia, twothirds of all chemical weapons ever used by iraq during its war with iran were fired or dropped in the last 18 months of the war. Figures for us military deaths in operation iraqi freedom include casualties that occurred between march 19, 2003 and aug. The current situation of oil extraction in iraq may be summarized as follows. The kuwaiti oil fires were caused by iraqi military forces setting fire to a reported 605 to 732 oil wells along with an unspecified number of oil filled lowlying areas, such as oil lakes and fire trenches, as part of a scorched earth policy while retreating from kuwait in 1991 due to the advances of usled coalition forces in the persian gulf war. Bush, gulf war address 1990 on september 11, 1990, president george herbert walker bush addressed a joint session of congress and outlined his administrations stance on iraq s invasion of kuwait. After bush won the white house in 2000, the arab world had no illusions about the new administrations determination to confront saddam hussein. Iraq officially republic of iraq is one of the easternmost countries of the arab world. An analysis from the perspectives of just war theory article pdf available in open journal of political science 0902. Ha me neb ta average republican guard division strength on gday. The leak resulted in the iraq body count project adding 15,000 civilian deaths to their count, bringing.
Concepts and cases, 8th edition edited by richard j. Destroyed iraqi trucks in the desert north of kuwait city during the gulf war. Iraqi combatant and noncombatant fatalities in the 1991 gulf war. Postsaddam governance and security congressional research service 3 policy in the 1990s emphasized containment prior to the january 16, 1991, launch of operation desert storm to reverse iraqs august 1990 invasion of kuwait, president george h. Iraq still has about 400,000 military personnel, with moderately modern arms. The gulf war 2 august 1990 28 february 1991, codenamed operation desert shield 2 august 1990 17 january 1991 for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of saudi arabia and operation desert storm 17 january 1991 28 february 1991 in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states against iraq in response to iraqs. Iraqi forces on the orders of iraqi president saddam. Also, leaders were concerned about iraqs supply of weapons of mass destruction. Bush, gulf war address 1990 on september 11, 1990, president george herbert walker bush addressed a joint session of congress and outlined his administrations stance on iraqs invasion of kuwait. After the 1988 ceasefire agreement iraq had attempted, unsuccessfully, to have these debts cancelled. And since 1990, when america went to war against iraq to liberate kuwait, washington has remained obsessed with saddam hussein.
Whorm subject file national defense nd016 persian gulf war. It is bordered to the north by turkey, to the east by iran, to the west by syria and jordan, and to the south by saudi arabia and kuwait. Kuwait in august 1990, iraq seized westerners and offered to release them if the u. Geographical distribution of iraqi oil fields and its. Popular mobilization forces pmf announce operations to clear isis. International humanitarian law in the iraq conflict. Within the academic world of war politics, there are heterogeneous perspectives, such as pacifism and realism etc. Iraqi caretaker prime minister adel abdul mehdi released a statement on march 30 condemning acts of war within iraq in response to the article. A publication of the institute for the study of war and weeklystandard. August 3, 1990 clip of iraqi invasion of kuwait this clip, title, and description were not created by cspan. Less than two years later, iraq seized kuwait, partly. A history suppressed deceiving the american people.
Over the course of eight years of war between iraq and iran, an egyptian iraqi. The invasion of kuwait by iraqi troops that began 2 august 1990 was met with. What follows is a comprehensive look at the situation in that city, beginning with historical context and then proceeding with details of the contest in mosul from the beginning of the iraq war in 2003 to early 2008. The invasion of kuwait on 2 august 1990 was a twoday operation conducted by iraq against the neighboring state of kuwait, which resulted in the sevenmonthlong iraqi occupation of the country. Iraq took advantage of the war to press militarily and diplomatically for kurdish autonomy. August 21, 2006 march 30, 2007 the anbar awakening.
Equally important, iraq is still far from political stability, faces major problems in political accommodation, and must both conduct a major election and develop far more effective patterns of governance. During the war the gulf states had provided iraq with interestfree loans which, aziz pointed out, were still recorded by kuwait and the uae as debts. It generated the various arguments of the thinkers. The persian gulf war, also known as operation desert storm, would not begin until january 1991, and it was over by late february. The role of airpower in the iraniraq war maxwell afb, al. The hidden story of the gulf war blood on their hands. Iraq kuwait page 2 finlan, alastair 2003 the gulf war 1991. Whether or not the iraq war should be regarded as a just war or just a war has been sparked a lot of academic and public debates since 2003. Thus, iraq felt that the uae oil production iraq war it has just fought. Iraqis while the iraqis had been recruited to fight the iraniraq war, and now the.